Global functions

Output, timers, parsers, type checks and the global constants.

Always available

No import needed. These names are in scope in every file.

print function

function print(...args: Array<any>): void

Write each argument to stdout on a single line, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. Values are stringified the same way as console.log. Unlike console.log, print has no level prefix and no per-stream routing — it is the lowest-level write helper.

dump function

function dump(...args: Array<any>): void

Debug-print each expression with its source text as a label. The compiler rewrites dump(x, y.z) to __dump_labeled("x", x, "y.z", y.z), so the printed output reads x = 1, y.z = 42. Calling dump indirectly (e.g. through a variable binding) skips the rewrite and falls back to printing values without labels.

setTimeout function

function setTimeout(handler: Function, delay?: int): int

Schedule handler to run once after at least delay milliseconds. Omitted delay defaults to zero. Returns a numeric timer id usable with clearTimeout. A negative delay is clamped to zero. The runtime keeps the event loop alive until the timer fires or is cleared.

setInterval function

function setInterval(handler: Function, delay: int): int

Schedule handler to run repeatedly every delay milliseconds. Returns a numeric timer id usable with clearInterval. Delays below 1ms are clamped to 1ms. The first invocation occurs after one full interval, not immediately.

clearTimeout function

function clearTimeout(id: int): void

Cancel a pending setTimeout. Unknown ids are silently ignored.

clearInterval function

function clearInterval(id: int): void

Cancel a recurring setInterval. Unknown ids are silently ignored.

parseInt function

function parseInt(text: string): int

Parse a base-10 integer from text. Leading whitespace is skipped and parsing stops at the first non-digit character. Returns 0 when no digits are found.

parseFloat function

function parseFloat(text: string): float64

Parse a floating-point number from text. Accepts decimal, exponential, and Infinity/NaN forms. Returns NaN when no numeric prefix is found.

parseUint function

function parseUint(value: any, radix?: int): uint

Parse value as an unsigned 32-bit integer. Numeric inputs are truncated; string inputs are read in radix (default 10). Throws RangeError if the result is negative or exceeds UINT32_MAX.

parseBool function

function parseBool(value: any): boolean | null

Parse the boolean a piece of text denotes. Strings are normalised with lower(trim(value)) and matched against the word list: true/yes/on/enable/enabled/success/1 are true, false/no/off/disable/disabled/failure/0 and the empty string are false. A string outside the list returns null -- that is the only thing null means here. Non-strings fall back to plain truthiness, so parseBool(0) is false and parseBool({}) is true.

This is NOT Boolean(). Boolean(x) asks whether there is a value, so Boolean("false") is true. parseBool(x) asks what boolean the text denotes, so parseBool("false") is false. Both are correct; they answer different questions.

const debug: boolean = parseBool(Env.get("DEBUG")) ?? false;

isNaN function

function isNaN(value: any): boolean

True if value is the IEEE-754 NaN sentinel.

isFinite function

function isFinite(value: any): boolean

True if value is a finite number (not NaN, not ±Infinity).

isNumber function

function isNumber(value: any): boolean

True if value is any numeric type (int, uint, or float).

isString function

function isString(value: any): boolean

True if value is a string.

isBoolean function

function isBoolean(value: any): boolean

True if value is a boolean.

isInt function

function isInt(value: any): boolean

True if value is a 32-bit signed integer.

isUint function

function isUint(value: any): boolean

True if value is a 32-bit unsigned integer.

isNumeric function

function isNumeric(value: any): boolean

True if value is numeric.

isNull function

function isNull(value: any): boolean

True if value is null or undefined.

isArray function

function isArray(value: any): boolean

True if value is an array.

isObject function

function isObject(value: any): boolean

True if value is a plain object instance. Excludes arrays, maps, sets, and primitives.

isMap function

function isMap(value: any): boolean

True if value is a Map.

isSet function

function isSet(value: any): boolean

True if value is a Set.

thisType function

function thisType(value: any): string

Return the runtime type tag of value as a lowercase string. Possible values include "int", "uint", "float", "string", "boolean", "array", "object", "map", "set", "function", "null", and "undefined". More precise than the typeof operator, which collapses numeric variants.

declaredType function

function declaredType(value: any): string

Return the declared packed type of a direct struct field or FixedArray element, otherwise the STATIC value type of the expression. For example, an int8 field reports "int8", while a local holding its read reports "int". Folded to a string constant by the compiler: zero run-time cost, and the argument is NOT evaluated. Compare thisType, which answers the run-time type.

toInt function

function toInt(value: any): int

Convert value to a 32-bit signed integer. Whole numeric strings are accepted. Floats must be finite and integer-valued in range; Values must fit. Throws RangeError on conversion failure. Use tryInt for the non-throwing variant.

toFloat64 function

function toFloat64(value: any): float64

Convert value to a 64-bit float. Numeric strings must contain one complete number. Throws RangeError on conversion failure.

tryFloat64 function

function tryFloat64(value: any): float64 | null

Like toFloat64, including numeric strings, but returns null on failure instead of throwing.

tryInt function

function tryInt(value: any): int | null

Like toInt, including whole numeric strings, but returns null on failure instead of throwing. Useful for parsing untrusted input where invalid values are expected.

assert function

function assert(condition: any, message?: string): void

Halt execution if condition is falsy, raising an error with the supplied message (or "Assertion failed" if none was given). Intended for invariant checks; not stripped in release builds.

exit function

function exit(code?: int): void

Request script termination with the given exit code (default 0). Pending microtasks are drained before the process exits. System.exit() is the canonical surface; this global is the legacy shim and remains supported.

sleep function

function sleep(ms: int): Promise<void>

Resolve after at least ms milliseconds, without blocking: other tasks, timers and window frames keep running while an await sleep(ms) is pending. ms <= 0 resolves on the next timer turn, a fraction truncates toward zero, and NaN or Infinity throw a RangeError. Under thicket run --autotest the wait is measured in virtual frame time. wait is the same function under a second name. A declaration of your own named sleep shadows this one.

wait function

function wait(ms: int): Promise<void>

Alias of sleep: await wait(ms) resolves after ms milliseconds.

clone function

function clone(value: any): any

Return a deep copy of value. Strings, arrays, plain objects, maps, and sets are recursively cloned; functions and class instances are returned by reference. Throws on circular references.

ts function

function ts(): float64

Wall-clock time in milliseconds since the Unix epoch.

NaN const

const NaN: float64

IEEE-754 quiet NaN.

Infinity const

const Infinity: float64

IEEE-754 positive infinity.

globalThis const

const globalThis: any

The global object. Provides reflective access to every binding defined at module scope. Untyped because the property set is dynamic.

undefined const

const undefined: any

The undefined value. Distinct from null.

moduleDir const

const moduleDir: string

The absolute path of the folder this module's own source file lives in, with no trailing slash. Each module sees its own: a package's widgets/button.tks gets .../widgets, not the package root. Computed when the module loads, so a moved program reports its new folder. Reading a file through it needs the ordinary fs permission.

Example:

const theme = await Files.readText(Files.join(moduleDir, "theme.json"));

Function class

class Function

Final: it cannot be subclassed.

Function global — the right-hand side of f instanceof Function, which answers true for all four callable runtime types (a plain function, a closure, a native function and a bound method) and false for everything else.

Function is ALSO a type annotation (the wildcard callable, queue 081). That is a separate namespace: let f: Function and f instanceof Function both work, and neither shadows the other. new Function() still fails at runtime by design.

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Generated from lang/types/builtin_globals.d.tks in the ThicketScript repository.